Fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis
1. Uterine Fibroids
What are they?
Fibroids are non-cancerous (benign) growths of the muscle tissue in the uterus. They vary in size and number.
Common Symptoms
- Heavy or prolonged periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Pain during intercourse
- Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
Causes & Risk Factors
- Hormonal imbalances (especially estrogen)
- Genetics
- More common in women of reproductive age
2. Ovarian Cysts
What are they?
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. Most are harmless and resolve on their own.
Types:
- Functional cysts: Common and usually harmless
- Dermoid cysts, endometriomas, or cystadenomas: Less common, may need treatment
Common Symptoms
- Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
- Bloating or swelling
- Pain during menstruation or intercourse
- Irregular periods
When to See a Doctor
- Severe or sudden pain
- Cysts that don’t go away or grow larger
3. Endometriosis
What is it?
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic lining.
Common Symptoms
- Severe menstrual cramps
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Pain during sex or bowel movements
- Heavy bleeding
- Infertility
Causes
Exact cause is unknown; may involve immune, genetic, and hormonal factors.