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Menstrual problems (PCOS, heavy bleeding)

1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Description

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. It is one of the most common causes of irregular menstruation and fertility issues.

Key Features:

Irregular periods: Infrequent, prolonged, or missed periods are common.
Excess androgen levels: May cause symptoms like acne, excess facial/body hair (hirsutism), and scalp hair thinning.
Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries with small fluid-filled sacs (follicles) visible on ultrasound.

Other Symptoms

  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  • Oily skin
  • Dark patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans)
  • Fertility problems

2. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia)

Description

Menorrhagia is abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding that can interfere with daily life. It’s not uncommon and may be a symptom of an underlying health issue.

Signs of Heavy Bleeding

  • Bleeding lasting more than 7 days
  • Needing to change sanitary products every 1-2 hours
  • Passing large blood clots
  • Symptoms of anemia (fatigue, shortness of breath)

Common Causes

  • Hormonal imbalances (e.g., due to PCOS or thyroid disorders)
  • Uterine fibroids or polyps
  • Endometriosis
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Certain medications (like blood thinners)
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